These authors hypothesized that all black puma shoes the overlap in ranges of males was driven by a scarcity of adequate travel routes, characteristic of the thick jungles of Central America, forcing all males to share the few logging roads in the study area. Camera-trap data have since indicated that it is mainly male jaguars that use the larger roads ( Harmsen 2006 ). Prey and female jaguars are detected infrequently on large roads, suggesting that the use of roads by males is not principally for hunting or for monitoring female activity ( Harmsen 2006 ).

In this study, we tackled the fundamental issue of small sample sizes in studies of large cats by deploying an extensive network of camera traps to capture timed locations of jaguars and pumas. The unique spot pattern of jaguars allows individual recognition from camera-trap photographs ( Silver et al. 2004 ). Although recognition of individual all black puma sneakers pumas may be possible under certain circumstances ( Kelly et al. 2008 ), in the present study individual pumas could not be identified with certainty over the long term because of their plain brown coat pattern ( Harmsen 2006 ).

Here we analyze temporal and spatial interactions between a uniquely all puma shoes large sample of individuals to tackle 2 fundamental questions about the function of jaguar movements in resource exploitation: Does spatial overlap of ranges of males depend on hierarchies of residence? Are temporal interactions of jaguars with pumas distinguishable from conspecific interactions? These components of behavior were sampled more representatively than is possible with telemetry by using an array of more than 100 camera stations. Camera traps were placed on established and newly opened trails traversing the dense forest matrix.

Jaguars were individually identified from photographic captures. Cameras had an enforced 3-min delay between exposures to prevent wasting all red puma shoes film on herd-forming species such as peccaries. Each photograph was stamped with the time and date, allowing calculation of time intervals between consecutive captures at the same camera location. To ensure spatiotemporal independence, simultaneously running camera stations were separated by >2 km. Any jaguar or puma captured at 2 stations on a single day was recorded for analysis at only 1 of the stations, chosen at random. Minitab version 14 (Minitab Ltd., Coventry, United Kingdom) was used for all statistical analyses.

Temporal avoidance or attraction of jaguars and pumas was further analyzed by comparing the number of days between consecutive jaguar jaguar captures, puma puma captures, jaguar puma captures, and puma jaguar captures at a camera station. A general linear model was run on the response of capture interval, calculated between each capture and the next. These data were tested against cross factors "Capturel," identifying the initial capture as either jaguar or puma, and "Capture2," identifying the subsequent capture as either jaguar or puma. Camera location was added to the model as a random block creating the following model:The response was logio-transformed to approximate a normal distribution of the residuals and equal variances. all white puma shoes

This suggests the possibility of an inverse relationship of the sort jaguar × puma = constant. However, log 10 (month/jaguar) was not correlated with log 10 (puma/month) ( r = 0.08, P = 0.35). The capture rates per location-month thus were uncorrelated but not simultaneously high in general. No single location biased the pattern in Fig. 4b , with correlations for individual camera locations of "0.8 r <� 0.5, indicating no fixed relation between capture rates at any given location.The interval between consecutive jaguar captures did not differ significantly from that between consecutive puma captures ( Table 1 ).